Pediatrics
Pediatric vaccine schedule
Pediatrics

Pediatric vaccine schedule

CDC childhood immunization schedule, contraindications, and special-situation vaccines.

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◆Routine schedule (memorize the ages)

  • •Birth: HepB #1
  • •2 mo: HepB #2, DTaP #1, Hib #1, IPV #1, PCV13 #1, RV #1
  • •4 mo: DTaP #2, Hib #2, IPV #2, PCV13 #2, RV #2
  • •6 mo: HepB #3, DTaP #3, Hib #3 (if PRP-T), PCV13 #3, RV #3 (if rotateq), influenza (annual after 6 mo)
  • •12–15 mo: MMR #1, varicella #1, HepA #1, PCV13 booster, Hib booster
  • •15–18 mo: DTaP #4
  • •4–6 yr: DTaP #5, IPV #4, MMR #2, varicella #2
  • •11–12 yr: Tdap, HPV (2-dose if started before 15, 3-dose if 15+), meningococcal #1
  • •16 yr: meningococcal #2, MenB optional shared decision-making

◆Contraindications & precautions

  • •ABSOLUTE: anaphylaxis to prior dose or vaccine component
  • •Live vaccines (MMR, varicella, rotavirus, yellow fever, BCG): contraindicated in pregnancy + severe immunocompromise (CD4 <200 for MMR/VZV)
  • •Egg allergy: most flu vaccines safe; carefully observe — only severe hx contraindicates older formulations
  • •Intussusception history → no rotavirus
  • •Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) → no live vaccines
  • •Live vaccines OK in HIV with CD4 >200 (MMR, varicella)
  • •Mild illness (URI, low fever) is NOT a contraindication

◆Special populations

  • •Pregnancy: Tdap every pregnancy (27–36 weeks) + flu seasonal; NEVER live vaccines
  • •Asplenia (anatomic or functional like SCD): pneumococcal (PCV13 + PPSV23), Hib, meningococcal — encapsulated organisms
  • •Immigrants/refugees: catch-up schedule based on age
  • •HCWs: HepB series, MMR, Tdap, annual flu, COVID, varicella
  • •Travelers: yellow fever (live — avoid in pregnant/immunocompromised), typhoid, HepA, Japanese encephalitis depending on destination

◆Post-exposure prophylaxis

  • •Rabies: vaccine series + RIG (if not previously vaccinated) for high-risk bite/exposure
  • •Tetanus: TIG + vaccine if dirty wound + no recent booster (or unknown)
  • •HepB: vaccine + HBIG within 24 hr of high-risk exposure (NB to HepB+ mom, needle stick from HepB+ source)
  • •Measles: vaccine within 72 hr OR IG within 6 days for susceptible contacts
  • •Varicella: VariZIG for immunocompromised, neonates born to mom with active VZV, or VZ-negative pregnant women

Live vs killed vaccines

Live (avoid in pregnancy + immunocompromise)Killed/inactivated/subunit
MMRDTaP, Tdap, Td
VaricellaHib
RotavirusHepB, HepA
Influenza (LAIV nasal)Influenza (IIV injectable)
Yellow fever, BCG, oral typhoidHPV, PCV13, PPSV23, meningococcal

High-yield pearls

  • ◆Pregnancy: Tdap every pregnancy at 27–36 wks (passive immunity to newborn for pertussis)
  • ◆Anatomic/functional asplenia → vaccinate for encapsulated organisms (Pneumo, Hib, Meningo)
  • ◆Egg allergy ≠ contraindication to flu vaccine in most cases
  • ◆HepB at birth is the ONLY routine birth vaccine in US
  • ◆Catch-up immunization: minimum intervals between doses — never start over
  • ◆Live virus vaccines: separate by ≥28 days if not given on same day (otherwise immune interference)
Quick check

5-question quiz on this note

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