Type, signs/triggers, and acute + prophylactic treatment.
| Type | Presentation | Associated | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Migraine | Unilateral, throbbing | Aura, N/V, photo/phonophobia | Acute: NSAIDs/triptans. Prophylaxis: propranolol, amitriptyline, topiramate/valproate |
| Cluster | Brief, unilateral severe orbital/temporal | Ipsilateral autonomic (ptosis, miosis, lacrimation), circadian | Acute: 100% O₂. Prophylaxis: verapamil |
| Medication overuse (rebound) | ≥15 days/month chronic headache | Acute med use ≥10 days/mo | Stop offending acute med + start preventive |
| Caffeine withdrawal | Diffuse + irritability | Within 24 hr of last caffeine + fatigue | Gradual tapering |
| IIH | ↑ICP signs | Obese young women + papilledema + CN VI palsy + pulsatile tinnitus; LP OP >250 | Weight loss + acetazolamide; ONSF/shunt if vision threatened |
| SAH | Thunderclap, 'worst headache' | Meningismus, stupor; ruptured berry aneurysm | Non-contrast CT → LP for xanthochromia if neg + suspicion |
| GCA | New headache >50 | Jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, ESR>50 | High-dose steroids IMMEDIATELY before temporal artery biopsy |